Flowers and Fruits The leaves are eaten by the caterpillars of the Tree and shrub seedlings are not well managed by preemergence herbicides, and selective postemergence controls are not available. Leaf Color - Lustrous, bright-green during summer, golden-yellow in late fall. Full grown larvae leave the mine and spin small white tent cocoons at leaf margins. 5–10 cm. Other insect feeders include many leaf beetles (see Leaf The teeth of the leaves are slightly hooked. The Red-spotted Purple (Limenitis arthemis astyanax) has two broods from April-October. The fruit is an elongated capsule, grown in clusters, with 3-4 valves and seeds surrounded by cotton-like hairs that facilitate wind and water dispersal. The surface is dark green and lustrous with a paler and smoother underside. In 1. The photos show the trees in their swamp habitat; the upper surface of a mature leaf with a shiny, glaucous surface, heart-shaped leave base, and teeth along the leaf margins; and the paler underside of the leaf with retained hairs near the petiole. The cottonwood is the state tree of Kansas. Many of these The LEAF base is straight across or angled somewhat back toward the twig. unusual because they are slightly hooked, and it has flattened … It grows tall as well, averaging 80-100 ft but potentially growing as high as 200 ft. The common name of cottonwood comes from the appearance of these hairs, which resemble cotton. Populus tremuloides is shade intolerant and generally does not regenerate well beneath its own canopy. Clones can be distinguished by differences in phenology, leaf size and shape, branching habit, bark character, and by electrophoresis. However, mature trees are usually short-lived (100 years or The Eastern Tiger Swallowtail (Papilo glaucus) has three flights from February-November in the deep south and March-September in the north. Cottonwood leaves are triangular with course teeth along the margins. referred to as 'poplars,' 'aspens,' and 'cottonwoods' are members of Each fruit releases about 30-50 seeds with cottony hairs. Numbers indicate RAxML bootstrap support values $ … are large, quick-growing trees valued for their vibrant autumn foliage. small trees as a source of food and also as construction material for Margins have serrated teeth that are somewhat hooked. or less flat. Like certain birds, tree squirrels sometimes eat It is an easy-to-transplant but short-lived, messy, brittle tree. yards. female catkins elongate to 4-6" in length while developing their Pronunciation: pop-U-lus free-MONT-e-i. less). Narrowleaf cottonwood trees are species of tree in the genus Populus and family Salicaceae (willow tree). The seeds are distributed by the wind and can travel several hundred along rivers in the Great Plains region. This plant may be used as a specimen or a shade tree. gray-brown and fairly smooth. Plant in the full sun and moist, well-drained soil, preferably within 15-50 ft above stream level. Colour. Different color from front to back. Newer growth is almost a robin egg blue-gray color. As its name suggests, these poplar trees have narrow leaves when compared to other cottonwood trees. have flat bottoms and slender tips. Twigs are stout, rounded, and enlarged at the nodes. Leaf Length - 3 to 5 inches. caterpillars of the skipper Erynnis icelus (Dreamy Beetle Table), larvae of the weevil Cryptorhynchus Eastern Cottonwood is dioecious; individual trees Male catkins occur the leafhopper Idiocerus lunaris, and larvae of the The plant becomes ragged and irregular as it further grows. It is highly recommended for planting in urban and suburban areas. Willow family (Salicaceae). The upper leaf surfaces are medium green and glabrous, while their lower surfaces are pale green, hairless, and dull. The cotton-like mat of fine hairs is the reason for the name "cottonwood". Large brown spots with darker brown margins cause premature defoliation. N.C. Baltimore Oriole, Warbling Vireo, Northern Parula, and Yellow Warbler Comments: The margin of the leaf is coarsely toothed with the teeth curved. This is a larval host plant. Individual leaves have flat bottoms and slender tips. plant bugs (Lopidea cuneata, Lygocoris It has yellowish twigs, coarsely toothed leaves, and gummy end buds that easily distinguish it from other species of poplar. The in every The buds are conical, long, narrow, and sticky, with a strong balsam scent in spring when they open. Alternate leaves are 4-5" long and 3-4" across; they are deltate-ovate in shape and crenate-dentate along their margins. The name refers to the cottony filaments attached to the seeds that are bore in catkins. or water pipes. EASTERN COTTONWOOD (Populus deltoides) Other Names: Cottonwood, Eastern Poplar, Poplar, Southern Cottonwood Key ID Features: Leaves, Bark, Buds, Size. sawfly Trichiosoma triangulum. Like Black Cottonwood, its leaves are often covered in splashes of resin and are a vibrant yellow-green color. produce either all male (staminate) flowers or all female (pistillate) Leaves are alternate. for such birds as the Pileated Woodpecker (cavities in large trees), from the deltate shape of its leaves, which have bottoms that are more Seedlings and young trees browsed by rabbits, deer, and domestic stock. Native; Deciduous; Hardwood (relatively soft for a hardwood) Reaching heights over 120′ Crown spread of 75′ – 85′ Huge trunks capable of growing 5′ – 5′ 6″ diameter. This tree reproduces by reseeding itself. their dens and dams. Because the spreading roots wander arthemis astyanax (Red-Spotted Purple), and Papilio Female flowers are green. The woody root system is shallow Male flowers are reddish and non-showy. grounds near sources of water, and sand dunes near Lake Michigan. DAMAGE: Adults feed on leaf margins and cause shothole damage. At the base of each Broadly triangular, ovate in outline, 3-6 inches long and 4-5 inches wide. Adult cottonwood leaf beetles, Chrysomela scripta Fabricius (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae), are approximately 1/4" long with a black head and thorax.The thorax has reddish margins. As I squish the […] wind-pollinated. Eastern and Midwest United States, Europe, South Africa, South America. Leaf Margins - Coarsely-dentate with curved teeth, entire near apex and base. Description: Margins are Leaf venation is pinnate. Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day), 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4b, 4a, 5b, 5a, 6b, 6a, 7b, 7a, 8a, 8b, 9b, 9a. Hand pull seedlings when small. of the seeds may be released in such numbers that they can clog gutters In the West, Populus tremuloides stands are often even-aged, originating after a single top-killing event. 5–15 rounded teeth per side, no teeth on the tip or near the petiole. They also float on water and can travel downstream. many insect species. Rapid growth rate; Average lifespan of 50 … Cottonwood Each female catkin is green and cylindrical The narrowly rounded teeth of its leaves are somewhat The native Eastern Cottonwood is a common tree that is probably found there is a fringed bract. This tree can be distinguished from its relatives Eastern Prunus pensylvanica (pin cherry) leaf margin with resin glands. Each male catkin is bright red or yellow and This situations. Smooth and greenish-gray bark when young becoming ashy-gray and roughened by long, deep, longitudinal, and interconnecting furrows. Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) Family: Salicaceae. Shape:deltoid with truncate base. (young trees). It develops a single county of Illinois (see Distribution Leaf Width - 3 to 5 inches. Form: This is a medium-sized tree reaching 70-100 ft. in height and 2.5- 4 ft dbh. Populus deltoides (cottonwood) leaf clearing showing margin resin gland (and hydathode). deltoides occidentalis (Western Cottonwood), that is found The stipules are somewhat persistent. Because the On branches or on young trees, bark is thin, smooth and gray-brown. birds feed on the buds and catkins during the spring when other sources preference is full sunlight, moist conditions, and soil consisting of green and glabrous, while their lower surfaces are pale green, Photos by, and courtesy of, Karen Searcy. Chicken, and Purple Finch. The leaf is a simple, triangular leaf with a notched margin. Afterwards, the male catkins wither away, while the Spots may coalesce and cause defoliation with severe infections. does the Cottontail Rabbit when seedlings are within reach. 3-4 flattened stigmata with undulate margins. The trunk bark of mature trees is thick, gray, and coarsely wood of the branches is rather soft and brittle, this tree is larger teeth than the typical eastern subspecies. Some These species include the larvae of Plectrodera scalator (Cottonwood Borer) and other wood-boring beetles, Chrysomela scripta (Cottonwood Leaf Beetle), various aphids, and the caterpillars of many moths (see Insect Table and Moth Table). Upper surface bright shiny green. margins. Young larvae skeletonize leaves and, as they mature, consume all but the main leaf margins. vulnerable to storm and ice damage. across; they are deltate-ovate in shape and crenate-dentate along their hirticulus, & Tropidosteptes populi), It tolerates a wide range of soil pH, 4.5-8.0. and can withstand occasional flooding. Winter’s Balm, First Medicine, Water Keeper. Duskywing) and the caterpillars of many moth species (see Moth Table). Lower surface slightly paler. The seed capsules of the female produce silky white hairs when they split open. florets. Eastern Cottonwood provides nesting habitat they are somewhat crooked and knobby. Eastern cottonwood is a medium-sized tree that reaches heights of 50’to 100’ in height. The abundant branches are ascending above and drooping below; Map). These flowers are produced during the spring before the leaves Catkin). Leaves are green in summer, turning yellow or brown in fall. The leaf petiole is 3 to 4 inches long and flatted. Leaf Surface - Glabrous. Tip longer than eastern cottonwood. Bark: The heartwood of this tree is deeper brown than that of Fremont cottonwood but the sapwood is white.On older trees, the bark is thick, deeply furrowed, reddish brown. These scentglands secrete a milky, foul-smelling fluid that repels predators whenthe beetle is disturbed, and can be retracted back into the larva-s bodywhen … Petiole yellowish-green. Alternate leaves are 4-5" long and 3-4" the buds during the spring. petioles, unlike some Populus spp. The leaves are lanceolate and have scalloped edges. banks of rivers and lakes, banks of mine spoil, picnic and camping During early to mid-summer, these fruits split open to release in clusters of 2-4 near the tips of branches, while female catkins are feet in the air. Early spring leaf buds — tincture (fresh 1:2, dry 1:5, 75% alcohol), 15-30 drops; infused oil (1 part buds to 10 parts oil) for topical use.” 15 Making Cottonwood Oil Special Considerations of food are scarce; these species include the Ruffed Grouse, Prairie Meadowbrook Park and Judge Webber Park in Urbana, Illinois, and a Species is dioecious; males occur in 1 inch long catkins, females occur in a sparse yellow-flowered catkin. Margin. For female trees, the cottony hairs ; beavers use saplings and poles for food and dam construction. deciduous tree is 60-120' tall at maturity. While unable to see the entire tree in the pictures, a visual of the bark leads me to cottonwood (as one who has a few on my own property). Each pistil has The cottonwood is a large, woody tree native to Kansas. Read our Commitment to Diversity | Read our Privacy Statement. Temporary flooding during the spring is tolerated. quite fast. The florets are and the filters of air conditioners. Each male floret consists of a dish-shaped basal disk and Beavers use Fremont Cottonwood has wide heart shaped simple leaves with roughly scalloped or crenate leaf margins. The teeth of the leaves are slightly hooked. Its wood is brittle, giving little value for lumber. Cottonwood buds are also somewhat distinctive, in winter and early spring they are large, long, and pointed. in search of water, individual trees should not be planted near sewers All tree leaves exhibit margins (leaf blade edges) that are either serrated or smooth. source. Cottonwood trees (Populus spp.) robust tree. One last identification feature is to follow the cotton in early summer. Leaf buds are large, 1-inch long, reddish green and pointed. It frequently colonizes disturbed open areas that are moist. It has smaller leaves with Individual leaves Growth and development of young trees is Although pyramidal in youth, this tree/shrub will have a broad vase with open branches with age. flowers. Young larvae are at first black, but become lightbrown with four prominent white scent glands along the sides. stout trunk up to 4-6' across and forms an ovoid crown in open It generally has a thin, spreading crown and a straight bole. cylindrical in shape, consisting of a dense mass of nearly sessile male Faunal Associations: Swamp Cottonwood is a host tree to many of the same insects that feed on other Populus spp. It attracts some small mammals and is resistant to erosion and wet soil. Populus deltoids, commonly called common cottonwood is a large, fast-growing tree or shrub. A long period of striking summer flower color, attractive fall foliage, and good drought-tolerance all combine to make crapemyrtle a favorite small tree for either formal or informal landscapes. Leaves: Arrangement: alternate. deltoid leaf with crenate margin; flat petiole; gray, furrowed bark; NOTES: swamp cottonwood (Populus heterophylla) is a very similar tree; its range is roughly the same as Populus deltoides, but it is a medium-sized tree with leaves having a rounded or cordate base and round petioles (1/3") long. Narrow, translucent. Severe infestations cause serious defoliation. White-Tailed Deer browse on twigs and foliage of this tree, as Insect problems include borers, aphids, caterpillars, and scale. The preferred hosts of cottonwood leaf beetle are cottonwood (Populus deltoides), other poplars, and some species of willow, particularly basket willow (Salix viminalis). Periodic heavy infestations may destroy half the total leaf surface and reduce growth of young cottonwoods. develop in the form of drooping catkins about 2-3" long. Populus deltoides (cottonwood) leaf margin resin gland (and hydathode). Populus deltoides (cottonwood) leaf margin resin gland paradermal section. their seeds. in shape, consisting of many female florets on slender petioles (see Fungal Leaf Spots (fungi – Cercospora populicola, Septoria spp., Marssonina populi): Irregular to round lesions, from brown to gray in color. This NC native plant is found at fine sandy loams or silt loams in stream banks of the piedmont and coastal plain. Beetle Table), larvae of long-horned beetles (see Long-Horned Photographic Sometimes Eastern Cottonwood is cultivated as a landscape tree in the same genus and closely related to each other. Leaves: Leaves are simple, alternate, and deciduous. form a strategic partnership called N.C. glaucus (Tiger Swallowtail); they are also eaten by the Eastern Cottonwood and similar species are an important food source of Associations: Click on images of Plains Cottonwood to enlarge. It can be weedy as seedlings and produce copious root sprouts. It is typically found growing along streams and rivers but also naturalized areas, woodlands, lawns, or rain gardens. Groups of small, white larvae tunneling between the upper and lower leaf surfaces consume the green tissues and cause conspicuous brown blotches. Swamp Cottonwood. long. Petioles are flat. Phylogram of the most likely tree (2lnL 5 24982.93) from a PHYML analysis of 167 taxa based on combined 18S and 28S nrDNA (2050 bp). Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. McSush/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY 3.0. hairless, and dull. NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to Leaf Margin. & Habitat: The yellowish twigs, coarsely toothed leaves, and gummy end buds distinguish this tree from other poplars. Luckily, a windstorm has knocked down large branches with swollen buds, making my work easy. Individual seeds are about 2 mm. insects are important sources of food to insectivorous birds. Seeds - within capsule, numerous, small, surrounded by a mat of fine hairs, ripening in the spring, conveyed long distances by the wind. Leaf Type and Shape - Simple leaves, triangular-cordate, acuminate tips, petioles are flattened. The elytra (wing covers) are yellow withbroken black stripes. Western Cottonwood. • Summer Key – Green above and pale with a waxy bloom beneath, margins are finely toothed especially near the apex. • Winter Key – Twigs yellowish white to gray, not hairy. There is a subspecies, Populus Display and describe plant part samples using an overhead projector and worksheets—leaf parts, leaf arrangement (alternate, opposite, whorled, basal), leaf type, leaf margins (smooth, toothed, lobed), flower parts, flower types (regular, irregular, indistinguishable) 2. Leaf Arrangement: Alternate Leaf Shape: Deltoid Ovate Leaf Margin: Serrate Hairs Present: No Leaf Length: 3-6 inches Leaf Width: 3-6 inches Leaf Description: Broadly triangular, ovate in outline, 3-6 inches long and 4-5 inches wide. Its shiny leaves glitter in the sunlight, and they make a Lump Growth on a Cottonwood Tree. Cottonwoods are dioecious, meaning there are male and female plants. The petiole is reddish. and branching. The blades are triangular in shape, two to six inches in length, and have twenty to twenty-five rounded teeth per side along the margin. produced individually. The slender petioles are Older leaves lack hairs. The surface is dark green and lustrous with a paler and smoother underside. disk and a single ovoid pistil about 8 mm. 20-60 reddish or yellowish stamens. The leaves are alternate, elliptical with a crenate margin and an acute tip, and reticulate venation (see leaf terminology). These are the prize I am after. fruits. The most common leaf spot is caused by Marssonina populi. Range butterflies Limenitis archippus (Viceroy), Limenitis Underside is smooth and a pale green. It is a characteristic species in widespread and highly productive black cottonwood-willow riparian forests occurring on bottomlands, riverbars, streambanks, and meadows along the Pacific coast ; and in black cottonwood riparian forests in bottomlands, floodplains, gravelbars, and banks of perennial streams in northern coastal California . It has exaggerated leaf scars and large pointy resinous buds. conspicuous flapping sound in the wind that can be construed as either As I walk along the river I notice giant cottonwood trees towering above the tops of the alder and the big leaf maple. The 2 to 5 inch long, simple, triangle-shaped, deciduous leaves have a toothed margin, and an elongated tip. The leaves are dark green in the summer, turning yellow in the fall, but many cottonwoods in dry locations drop their leaves early from a combination of drought and leaf rust, providing a dull brown fall color. Each female floret consists of a dish-shaped basal female floret, there is a fringed bract. relaxing or annoying. Cottonwoods have distinctive triangular or "deltoid" LEAVES. Some mammals also use Eastern Cottonwood as a food Cultivation: nearly as long as the leaf blades; they are light green, glabrous, and DESCRIPTION: Swamp Cottonwood (family Cooperative Extension prohibits discrimination and harassment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex (including pregnancy), disability, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, and veteran status. Branch bark is light gray to Distinguishing features - rank odor when twig is broken; incurved teeth on leaf margin of triangular leaf. lapathi (Poplar-and-Willow Borer), aphids (see Aphid Table), Location: At the base of each male floret, It is harvested for the production of plywood, baskets, crates, and pulp, particularly for use in high-grade magazine paper. Faunal Slippery Elm, Silver Maple, and River Birch. Habitats consist of bottomland deciduous woodlands, Leaf margins … Heart shaped puts it in one of two categories, poplar/aspen/cottonwood or basswood/linden. Trees that are The upper leaf surfaces are medium degraded savanna near the Maumee River in NW Ohio. The leaf margin is finely to coarsely toothed in this case, leaning to the first category. photo of Female Margin: crenate-serrate. ridged. bottomland woodlands, common associates are Black Willow, Green Ash, Eastern Cottonwood develops very quickly into a rather coarse and sandy loam or silty loam. Populus deltoides somewhat flattened.
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